fig1

Figure 1. Representative mechanisms of exosome-mediated drug resistance in HCC. Exosomes derived from cells in TME serve as mediators to transport functional cargos that subsequently influence the signaling pathways and characteristics of target cells. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CMA: Chaperone-mediated autophagy; BMMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; EMT: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage.