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Figure 1. Defects in autophagy in patients with NAFLD. Several steps in autophagy process are affected in patients with NAFLD. First, there is decreased levels of ULK1 and ATG4B. Second, autophagosome/lysosome fusion is decreased due to increased expression of rubicon. Third, decreased nuclear translocation of TFEB, lysosomal biogenesis and lysosomal protease levels, leads to decreased lysosomal degradation and accumulation of LC3B-II and p62. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; ULK1: unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB.