REFERENCES
1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394-424.
3. Llovet JM, Montal R, Sia D, Finn RS. Molecular therapies and precision medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018;15:599-616.
4. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, et al; SHARP Investigators Study Group. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008;359:378-90.
5. Bruix J, Qin S, Merle P, Granito A, Huang Y, et al. Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017;389:56-66.
6. Abou-Alfa GK, Meyer T, Cheng AL, El-Khoueiry AB, Rimassa L, et al. Cabozantinib in patients with advanced and progressing hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2018;379:54-63.
7. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, Han K, Ikeda K, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2018;391:1163-73.
8. Reyes-Habito CM, Roh EK. Cutaneous reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapy for cancer: Part II. Targeted therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;71:217.e1-11. quiz 227-8
9. Chu D, Lacouture ME, Fillos T, Wu S. Risk of hand-foot skin reaction with sorafenib: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2008;47:176-86.
10. Dranitsaris G, Vincent MD, Yu J, Huang L, Fang F, et al. Development and validation of a prediction index for hand-foot skin reaction in cancer patients receiving sorafenib. Ann Oncol 2012;23:2103-8.
11. Cheng A, Kang Y, Chen Z, Tsao C, Qin S, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:25-34.
12. Zhang HL, Qin XJ, Wang HK, Gu WJ, Ma CG, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic factors for long-term survival in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib: a single-center retrospective study. Oncotarget 2015;6:36870-83.
13. Lipworth AD, Robert C, Zhu AX. Hand-foot syndrome (hand-foot skin reaction, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia): focus on sorafenib and sunitinib. Oncology 2009;77:257-71.
14. McLellan B, Ciardiello F, Lacouture ME, Segaert S, Van Cutsem E. Regorafenib-associated hand-foot skin reaction: practical advice on diagnosis, prevention, and management. Ann Oncol 2015;26:2017-26.
15. Zuo RC, Apolo AB, DiGiovanna JJ, Parnes HL, Keen CM, et al. Cutaneous adverse effects associated with the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. JAMA Dermatol 2015;151:170-7.
16. Reed N, Glen H, Gerrard G, Good J, Lei M, et al. Expert consensus on the management of adverse events during treatment with lenvatinib for thyroid cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020;32:e145-53.
17. Jacobi U, Waibler E, Schulze P, Sehouli J, Oskay-Ozcelik G, et al. Release of doxorubicin in sweat: first step to induce the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome? Ann Oncol 2005;16:1210-1.
18. Lacouture ME, Wu S, Robert C, Atkins MB, Kong HH, et al. Evolving strategies for the management of hand-foot skin reaction associated with the multitargeted kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Oncologist 2008;13:1001-11.
19. Ai L, Xu Z, Yang B, He Q, Luo P. Sorafenib-associated hand-foot skin reaction: practical advice on diagnosis, mechanism, prevention, and management. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019;12:1121-7.
20. Anderson R, Jatoi A, Robert C, Wood LS, Keating KN, et al. Search for evidence-based approaches for the prevention and palliation of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) caused by the multikinase inhibitors (MKIs). Oncologist 2009;14:291-302.
21. Ren Z, Zhu K, Kang H, Lu M, Qu Z, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the prophylactic effect of urea-based cream on sorafenib-associated hand-foot skin reactions in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:894-900.
22. Brose MS, Frenette CT, Keefe SM, Stein SM. Management of sorafenib-related adverse events: a clinician's perspective. Semin Oncol 2014;41 Suppl 2:S1-16.
23. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5. US Department of health and human services. National Institute of Health. 2017. Available from: https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/CTCAE_v5_Quick_Reference_5x7.pdf. [Last accessed on 30 Sep 2020].
24. Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB. Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:688-9.
25. Lacouture ME, Reilly LM, Gerami P, Guitart J. Hand foot skin reaction in cancer patients treated with the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Ann Oncol 2008;19:1955-61.
26. Autier J, Escudier B, Wechsler J, Spatz A, Robert C. Prospective study of the cutaneous adverse effects of sorafenib, a novel multikinase inhibitor. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:886-92.
27. Lee WJ, Lee JL, Chang SE, Lee MW, Kang YK, et al. Cutaneous adverse effects in patients treated with the multitargeted kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Br J Dermatol 2009;161:1045-51.
28. Haddad RI, Schlumberger M, Wirth LJ, Sherman EJ, Shah MH, et al. Incidence and timing of common adverse events in Lenvatinib-treated patients from the SELECT trial and their association with survival outcomes. Endocrine 2017;56:121-8.
30. Pérez-Soler R, Delord JP, Halpern A, Kelly K, Krueger J, et al. HER1/EGFR inhibitor-associated rash: future directions for management and investigation outcomes from the HER1/EGFR inhibitor rash management forum. Oncologist 2005;10:345-56.
31. Sarkodie T, Ross P. Late presentation of sorafenib-associated rash: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2010;4:338.
33. Ishak RS, Aad SA, Kyei A, Farhat FS. Cutaneous manifestations of anti-angiogenic therapy in oncology: review with focus on VEGF inhibitors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014;90:152-64.
34. De Wit M, Boers-Doets CB, Saettini A, Vermeersch K, de Juan CR, et al. Prevention and management of adverse events related to regorafenib. Support Care Cancer 2014;22:837-46.
35. Harris DJ, Eilers J, Harriman A, Cashavelly BJ, Maxwell C. Putting evidence into practice: evidence-based interventions for the management of oral mucositis. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2008;12:141-52.
36. Bensinger W, Schubert M, Ang KK, Brizel D, Brown E, et al; NCCN Task Force Report. Prevention and management of mucositis in cancer care. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2008;6 Suppl 1:S1-21.
37. Califano R, Tariq N, Compton S, Fitzgerald DA, Harwood CA, et al. Expert consensus on the management of adverse events from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the UK. Drugs 2015;75:1335-48.
38. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Nexavar (Sorafenib) [package insert]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/021923s020lbl.pdf. [Last accessed on 24 Sep 2017].
39. Guggina LM, Choi AW, Choi JN. EGFR inhibitors and cutaneous complications: a practical approach to management. Oncol Ther 2017;5:135-48.
40. Sohn KH, Oh SY, Lim KW, Kim MY, Lee SY, et al. Sorafenib induces delayed-onset cutaneous hypersensitivity: a case series. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015;7:304-7.
41. Mantovani A, Álvares-Da-Silva MR. Anaphylaxis preceded by erythema multiforme with sorafenib: first case report. Ann Hepatol 2019;18:777-9.
42. Trayes KP, Love G, Studdiford JS. Erythema multiforme: recognition and management. Am Fam Physician 2019;100:82-88.
43. Ayangco L, Rogers RS. Oral manifestations of erythema multiforme. Dermatol Clin 2003;21:195-205.
44. Sokumbi O, Wetter DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012;51:889-902.
45. Choi MK, Woo HY, Heo J, Cho M, Kim GH, et al. Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with sorafenib and tosufloxacin in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Dermatol 2011;23:S404-7.
46. Dodiuk-Gad RP, Chung WH, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Shear NH. Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol 2015;16:475-93.
47. Duong TA, Valeyrie-allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Chosidow O. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. Lancet 2017;390:1996-2011.
48. Kardaun SH, Jonkman MF. Dexamethasone pulse therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2007;87:144-8.
49. Valeyrie-Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Brochard L, Ortonne N, Maître B, et al. Open trial of ciclosporin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 2010;163:847-53.
50. Paradisi A, Abeni D, Bergamo F, Ricci F, Didona D, et al. Etanercept therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;71:278-83.
51. Kannaiyan R, Mahadevan D. A comprehensive review of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018;18:1249-70.
52. Autier J, Mateus C, Wechsler J, Spatz A, Robert C. Cutaneous side effects of sorafenib and sunitinib. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008;135:148-53. quiz 147, 154
53. Eisai Inc. Lenvima (Lenvatinib) [package insert]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/206947s007lbl.pdf. [Last accessed on 24 Sep 2020].
54. Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, Tannir NM, Mainwaring PN, et al. Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:917-27.
55. Exelixis. Cabometyx (Cabozantinib) [package insert]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/208692s003lbl.pdf. [Last accessed on 24 Sep 2020].
56. Finn RS, Merle P, Granito A, Huang YH, Bodoky G, et al. Outcomes of sequential treatment with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for HCC: additional analyses from the phase III RESORCE trial. J Hepatol 2018;69:353-8.
57. Grothey A, Sobrero AF, Siena S, Falcone A, Ychou M, et al. Time profile of adverse events (AEs) from regorafenib (REG) treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the phase III CORRECT study. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3637. [Last accessed on 30 Sep 2020].
58. Sastre J, Argilés G, Benavides M, Feliú J, García-Alfonso P, et al. Clinical management of regorafenib in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2014;16:942-53.
59. Khan G, Moss RA, Braiteh F, Saltzman M. Proactive strategies for regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer: implications for optimal patient management. Cancer Manag Res 2014;6:93-103.
60. Grothey A, George S, van Cutsem E, Blay JY, Sobrero A, et al. Optimizing treatment outcomes with regorafenib: personalized dosing and other strategies to support patient care. Oncologist 2014;19:669-80.
61. Mitchell J, Khoukaz T, McNeal D, Brent L. Adverse event management strategies: optimizing treatment with regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2014;18:E19-25.
62. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Stivarga (Regorafenib). U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/204369lbl.pdf. [Last accessed on 24 Sep 2020].
63. Vincenzi B, Santini D, Russo A, Addeo R, Giuliani F, et al. Early skin toxicity as a predictive factor for tumor control in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib. Oncologist 2010;15:85-92.
64. Shomura M, Kagawa T, Shiraishi K, Hirose S, Arase Y, et al. Skin toxicity predicts efficacy to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2014;6:670-6.
65. Sung MW, Finn RS, Qin S, Han K, Ikeda K, et al. Association between overall survival and adverse events with lenvatinib treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (REFLECT). JCO 2019;37:317.
66. Abou-alfa GK, Meyer T, Cheng A, Cicin I, Bolondi L, et al. Association of adverse events (AEs) with efficacy outcomes for cabozantinib (C) in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) in the phase III CELESTIAL trial. JCO 2019;37:4088.
67. Wakatsuki T, Shinozaki E, Suenaga M, Nakayama I, Matsushima T, et al. Associations between regorafenib-induced adverse events (AEs) and efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). JCO 2017;35:556.
68. Rimassa L, Danesi R, Pressiani T, Merle P. Management of adverse events associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Improving outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2019;77:20-8.
69. Kong Y, Sun L, Hou Z, Zhang Y, Chen P, et al. Apatinib is effective for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017;8:105596-605.
