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Figure 2. Clinical implication of conventional cancer therapy and LCSC-targeting therapy. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are frequently used to treat liver cancer, effectively targeting the non-stem liver cancer cells (NSLCCs) but not liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). The LCSC residual can be re-activated to enrich the LCSC subpopulation and eventually trigger cancer recurrence and metastasis with a more aggressive phenotype. With the help of varied LCSC surface markers that can specifically and effectively identify LCSC heterogeneity, LCSC-targeting therapy is believed to be capable of eradicating the CSC subpopulation in liver cancer. Integration of LCSC-targeting therapy and conventional chemo-/radiotherapy might lead to complete cancer elimination without further development and invasion. LCSC-targeting therapy has generated many promising results in pre-clinical trials and there are intensive efforts from researchers and clinicians for further research.